THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AND ITS LAYERS (PART 6)

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 THE SOLAR LAYERS

 Hello my wings, I hope you all are healthy and happy, and reading my blogs regularly.

The bright white disc that appears in the sky is the layer of the sun called the Photosphere. The Photosphere is essentially the surface of the sun - it emits the visible light that we see here from the earth.

Temperature in the Photosphere of our  sun are in excess of 5500 degree Celsius .  The surface of the sun has a granulated appearance, as hot gases rise to the surface and cooler ones fall back down to the convection zone below. Although these may appear as granules, relative to surface features on the Earth, they are vast in size. Although  the Photosphere is the outermost visible layer, there are others above it, often referred to as the solar atmosphere.

TIMELINE

400BC - Early people believed that the Earth was flat and that the Sun was a god. The Greek Philosopher Anaxagoras realized that the Sun must be a large body, far from the Earth. He estimated the sun's diameter at 56 Km. Anaxagoras's ideas disagreed with the religious beliefs of his time. His life was threatened, and finally he was exiled from the Athens.

150 - The astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria declared that the Earth was a stationary object in the center of the universe. He believed that the Sun, moon, planets, and stars all circled the Earth. 

1543 - Copernicus presented a planetary model with the Sun at the center of all planetary motions.

1610 - Galileo observes sunspots with his telescope.

SOLAR ATMOSPHERE 

 The solar atmosphere is divided into three layers, chromosphere, the transitional zone, the corona. All three are outshone by the photosphere so can only be observed as visible light during solar eclipse. The chromosphere is pinkish layer where much of the stormy weather on the Sun is detected. Spicules, short lived jets of gas, protrude outward from the interior of the sun through the chromosphere.  The transition zone is where the temperature rises sharply from the 5500 degree temperatures in the photosphere ad chromosphere to levels in excess of one million degrees in the corona.

The word corona comes from the Latin for crown , and during eclipse it becomes obvious where this analogy comes from. The corona looks like a great crown, extending in all directions millions of kilometers away from the disc. It is caused by sunlight scattering onto, and projecting off, electrons and interstellar dust.

PHYSICAL DATA :  

SURFACE AREA = 60,87,79,90,00,000 Km (11,990Km times the surface area of the Earth)

ORBITAL PERIOD  : The sun takes about 225 million years to make one revolution around the center of the Milky way. During this period , the sun travels about 10 million times as far as the distance between it and the Earth.

ROTATIONAL PERIOD: 25 Days 9 hours 7 mins.

Our next Blog will be on topic "SOLAR INTERIOR AND SUNSPOTS"

 Stay connected with ICONIC BLOG for more amazing Astronomical blogs and I will be publishing new blog on every Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.

 

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