THE SUN : SOLAR INTERIOR AND SUNSPOTS (PART 7)

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 Hello my wings, I hope you all are healthy and happy, and reading my blogs regularly.

 SOLAR INTERIOR

Beneath the photosphere is the sun's interior. The sun's core undergoes such intense heat and pressure that the process of fusion is unremittingly generated. Surrounding the core is the radiation zone. Photons emitted from the core in the process of fusion collide with ions in this layer and transfer small amount of energy.

The radiation zone eventually gives way to convection zone, where the temperature is lower - particles are heated by convection.Less dense hotter gases rise to the surface of the sun, where they cool and sink back down to the depths of the convection zone where they are heated and rise to the surface once again.

 MISSION TO THE SUN:

1990 - Mission name : ULYSSES

Ulysses was launched towards Jupiter from the Space Shuttle Discovery and used Jupiter's gravity to break out of the ecliptic plane and fly over the Sun's polar regions.

1995 - SOHO - 

The international Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is a joint project of the Europeans Space Agency (EAS) and NASA. It keeps the sun under constant observation and has discovered dozens of comet. SOHO's data about solar activity is used to predict solar flares that could potentially damage satellites.


SUNSPOTS


 

In 1611 Galileo first reported seeing sunspots on the surface of the sun. These are minor regions, or spots, where the temperature of a small area of the photosphere is markedly cooler than its surroundings.

This is result of a strong, localized magnetic field that prohibits heated particles from rising up to the surface of the sun. When sunspots are looked at in more detail, it can be seen that while the center, the umbra, is a blackish color, the surrounding spot, the penumbra, is grey. A solar cycle occurs every eleven years, when the sun is at most active. At this time, known as the solar maximum, there can be seen. However, during the solar minimum, there can often be no sunspot at all.

Never look directly at the sun, even when it seems that the sun's brightness has been reduced by cloud, sunglasses or some other method. Certainly do not look at the sun through binoculars, telescopes or cameras. Galileo went blind in the later years of his life, possibly as a result of his solar observations. The best way of observing the sun is by projecting its image onto a screen through the lenses of binoculars or a telescope.

TIMELINE

800BC - The first plausible recorded sunspot observation in China.

1610 - Galileo observes sunspots with his telescope.

1650 - 1715 - Maunder Sunspots minimum; a period when there was a dearth of sunspots sightings.

1908 - First measurement of sunspot magnetic fields taken by American astronomer George Ellery Hale.

1954 - Galactic cosmic rays found to change in intensity with the 11-year support cycle.

I will be publishing my next blog on "SOLAR FLARES AND SOLAR WINDS"

 Stay connected with ICONIC BLOG for more amazing Astronomical blogs and I will be publishing new blog on every Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.


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